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A Diamond as it is known in the field of mineralogy, is known as the allotrope of carbon where carbon atoms are alind in an isometric-hexoctahedral crystal lattice. The hardness & very high dispersion of light, make it ideal for industrial applications a& of course jewelry. A diamond is the hardest natural material that man has fond, and the third-hardest known material after aggregated diamond nanorods and ultrahard fullerite.
As many know diamonds are world renowned as a material with superior physical qualities; Diamonds are excellent abrasives because they can be scratched only by other diamonds, Borazon, ultrahard fullerite, or aggregated diamond nanorods, which also means they hold a polish extremely well and retain their lustre.
It is believed that there are about 130 million carats (26,000 kilograms) are mined yearly, with a total value of nearly $9,000,000,000.00, and about 100,000 kilogramsg (220,000 lbs) are synthesized annually.
The name diamond is derived from the ancient Greek Language word adamas (αδάμας; which means “invincible”. Diamonds have been treasured and desired as gemstones since their use as religious icons and symbols in ancient India and usage in engraving tools also dates to early human history.
The popularity of the diamond gemstone. has risen since the 19th century because of increased supply, improved cutting and improved diamond polishing techniques, growth in the world economy, and innovative and successful advertising campaigns. Diamonds are commonly judged by the “four Cs”: carat, clarity, color, and cut.
Roughly half of all diamonds originate from central and southern Africa, there has also been significant resources of the mineral that have been discovered in Canada, India, Russia, Brazil, and Australia. They are mined from kimberlite and lamproite volcanic pipes, that can bring diamond crystals, often found from deep within the Earth's core, where high pressure & temperature, enables the diamonds to form, and rise to the surface. The mining and distribution of natural diamonds are subjects of frequent controversy such as with concerns over the sale of conflict diamonds (aka blood diamonds) by African paramilitary groups.